But they did — and the two families cautiously made contact with each other. By the end of the reception, the ice was broken and the first of many hurdles cleared.
“I told the couple their love had made this possible,” said Fr. Vincent Feroldi, the Catholic priest who helped prepare the marriage. “This is the best testimony one can give the day after these attacks. They showed this horror will not win.”
It wasn’t only the couple’s love that made this possible. Behind them was a loose network of Catholic and Muslim volunteer counsellors who meet regularly to help young interfaith couples prepare for marriage problems most other French their age can hardly imagine.
The issues start with where to hold the wedding — in a church, a mosque, both or neither? — and who might not show up. Couples often imagine the priest and imam can co-celebrate, but the two faiths have very different concepts of marriage.
It gets even more complicated when the children come. Should they be brought up in one or both religions? Should boys be circumcised? What about giving first names like Mohammad or Christine?
The volunteer counsellors have now published a 48-page handbook for other marriage counsellors helping prepare young Muslims and Catholics not only for their wedding day, but also the predictable and unexpected problems they may face as they try to live together and raise a family while respecting both religious traditions.
“Our aim was to respond as closely as possible to the questions we get on our web site and in our counselling sessions,” said Agathe Henniart, editor of the guidebook “Islamic-Christian Marriage — Catholic and Muslim: questions about a project for life.”
Henniart is general delegate for the Marriage Preparation Centres, a service of the Roman Catholic Church, which requires couples to take a class before marrying in a church. The centres network produced the guidebook in co-operation with the Group of Islamic-Christian Homes (GFIC), an association of mixed couples who meet to discuss issues their unusual marriages bring up.
“GFIC started in 1977 and back then it was mostly binational couples who met as students or development aid workers abroad,” said Dominique Fonlupt, a Catholic journalist married to a Moroccan for the past 25 years. “Now both spouses are mostly French and that changes things. Now religious differences are more important than cultural ones.”
France’s five million-strong Muslim minority, made up mostly of families from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, is the largest in Europe. About two-thirds are French citizens, born, raised and educated in the traditionally Catholic country.
Nobody knows how many mixed couples there are in France because religion is not registered in official documents. There are probably a number of unions of secularized Catholics and Muslim that go unnoticed, as well as some where a Christian man goes through the motions of converting to Islam in order to marry a Muslim woman.
GFIC only deals with couples who contact it for advice on living with both religions; it is currently advising about 15 couples. Feroldi said there were 10 Muslim-Catholic marriages in Lyon last year.
“Our society is mostly secularized, but deep down, France remains the ‘eldest daughter of the Church,’ ” wrote Bordeaux imam Tareq Oubrou in the guidebook. “Theology separates us, but our hope, our values and our morals unite us.”
The first hurdle is the concept of marriage itself, which is a sacrament for Catholics but only a contract for Muslims. That implies a church ceremony led by a priest for Catholics but a simple ceremony for Muslims that might but need not include an imam and a prayer of blessing.
All couples marrying in France must hold a civil ceremony at the local town hall, which is the legal marriage, and may then hold a religious ceremony if they wish. A priest, minister, rabbi or imam cannot officiate as a justice of the peace at a religious ceremony in France.
Since Muslims sometimes refuse to attend a Christian ceremony, this legal necessity provides a neutral ground for both families to come together, the guidebook advises. Sounding out relatives in advance is crucial if the couple plans a religious ceremony in a church or a mosque.
“Many Muslim women want an imam to be there to assure their family they are not leaving the Muslim community,” Fonlupt said. Sometimes, it’s the imam who persuades the Muslim family to attend a ceremony in a church.
At the presentation of the guidebook this week in Paris, a mixed couple in their mid-30s, Lucie and Adel, told about the problems they faced.
“We didn’t talk about religion much at first. We’re both French,” said Adel, who was born in France to Algerian immigrants. “It wasn’t an issue until our first child came.”
Their child was a boy, Lucie said, so the first question was whether he would be circumcised according to Muslim custom, baptized as a Catholic or both. They chose both.
Then came the question of a name, which they wanted to work in Arabic, French and Spanish, since Lucie’s family is part Spanish. “It’s very hard, especially for boys. We finally chose names of prophets,” she said. They now have three boys: Daniel, Elias and Zachary.
They celebrate Christmas and Easter as well as both Eid holidays. Adel observes Ramadan. “You can belong to two religions. You can be religiously bilingual,” Lucie said, reflecting the fact they speak French and Arabic at home.
Fr. Christian Delorme, a Lyon priest long active in Catholic-Muslim dialogue, said Vatican teaching said mixed couples should educate their children as Catholics, but in real life, raising them as both seemed to work out.
“The Catholic-Muslim couples who deal best with their religious differences are those who openly profess their religious adherence and have open and not rigourous approaches to their respective faiths,” he wrote in the guidebook.